AI Policy Radar

    CoE AI Convention

    The only instrument that could bind the US, EU and UK to common AI obligations. Its flexible 'graduated obligations' for private actors will test whether treaty-based AI governance has real teeth or remains declaratory.

    What it is

    The first legally binding international AI treaty, requiring parties to ensure AI activities respect human rights, democracy and rule of law across the AI lifecycle — signed by the EU, US, UK, Japan, Israel and others, with ratifications progressing through 2025-26.

    Opened for signature Sep 2024; enters into force per party as ratifications accumulate (EU concluded it in 2026).

    Who is affected

    The only instrument that could bind the US, EU and UK to common AI obligations. Its flexible 'graduated obligations' for private actors will test whether treaty-based AI governance has real teeth or remains declaratory.

    Key obligations

    • Parties must ensure AI lifecycle activities comply with human-rights obligations
    • Risk and impact assessment frameworks; remedies for AI-caused harms
    • Applies to public authorities; parties choose modalities for private actors

    Recent signals

    • 5 September 2024

      Council of Europe AI treaty opens for signature; US, EU, UK sign

      The first binding international AI treaty begins gathering signatures and ratifications.

    Related instruments

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