Colorado AI Act
The template for US state comprehensive regulation — and the primary target of federal preemption efforts. Its risk-based, EU-flavored design means multistate companies effectively face AI-Act-lite duties inside the US.
What it is
The first comprehensive US state AI law: developers and deployers of 'high-risk' AI systems in consequential decisions (employment, lending, housing, healthcare) owe a duty of reasonable care against algorithmic discrimination, with impact assessments and notices. Effective 30 June 2026 after a legislative delay.
Who is affected
Developers and deployers of high-risk AI affecting Colorado residents
Key obligations
- Developers: disclose known risks, provide documentation to deployers
- Deployers: risk-management program, annual impact assessments, consumer notices and appeal rights
- AG-only enforcement; NIST AI RMF alignment as affirmative defense
Compliance dates
Colorado AI Act in effect
The first comprehensive US state AI law took effect: duty of reasonable care against algorithmic discrimination, impact assessments, and consumer notices for high-risk AI in consequential decisions.
Recent signals
Colorado AI Act takes effect after delayed start
The first comprehensive US state AI law is now operative — as DOJ's AI Litigation Task Force weighs challenges under the December 2025 preemption executive order.
New York RAISE Act frontier-safety duties begin
New York joins California in requiring large frontier developers to publish safety protocols and report incidents.
US state AI law wave: Texas, California and Illinois statutes take effect
TRAIGA, SB 53 (frontier transparency), AB 2013 (training-data disclosure) and Illinois HB 3773 all become operative on the same day — the broadest single expansion of binding US AI law.
California enacts SB 53, the first US frontier-AI transparency law
Large frontier developers must publish safety frameworks and report catastrophic-risk incidents — the transparency-first successor to vetoed SB 1047.
Related instruments
- US-STTexas TRAIGATexas's AI law (effective 1 Jan 2026) takes an intent-based approach: it prohibits developing or deploying AI to unlawfully discri…
- US-STCalifornia SB 53The first US law regulating frontier AI developers specifically: large developers must publish frontier AI frameworks, report cata…
- US-STCalifornia AB 2013Requires developers of generative AI systems made available in California to publish documentation of training datasets — sources,…
- US-STCalifornia SB 942Requires large GenAI providers (over 1M monthly users) to offer free AI-detection tools and embed latent provenance disclosures in…
- US-STIllinois HB 3773Amends the Illinois Human Rights Act to prohibit employers from using AI that discriminates in recruitment, hiring, promotion or d…